26 research outputs found
Fine-tuned Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Social Media Data: Comparative Study
This study investigated and compared public sentiment related to COVID-19
vaccines expressed on two popular social media platforms, Reddit and Twitter,
harvested from January 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022. To accomplish this task, we
created a fine-tuned DistilRoBERTa model to predict sentiments of approximately
9.5 million Tweets and 70 thousand Reddit comments. To fine-tune our model, our
team manually labeled the sentiment of 3600 Tweets and then augmented our
dataset by the method of back-translation. Text sentiment for each social media
platform was then classified with our fine-tuned model using Python and the
Huggingface sentiment analysis pipeline. Our results determined that the
average sentiment expressed on Twitter was more negative (52% positive) than
positive and the sentiment expressed on Reddit was more positive than negative
(53% positive). Though average sentiment was found to vary between these social
media platforms, both displayed similar behavior related to sentiment shared at
key vaccine-related developments during the pandemic. Considering this similar
trend in shared sentiment demonstrated across social media platforms, Twitter
and Reddit continue to be valuable data sources that public health officials
can utilize to strengthen vaccine confidence and combat misinformation. As the
spread of misinformation poses a range of psychological and psychosocial risks
(anxiety, fear, etc.), there is an urgency in understanding the public
perspective and attitude toward shared falsities. Comprehensive educational
delivery systems tailored to the population's expressed sentiments that
facilitate digital literacy, health information-seeking behavior, and precision
health promotion could aid in clarifying such misinformation.Comment: 11 Pages, 5 Figures, and 1 Tabl
Exploring celebrity influence on public attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic: social media shared sentiment analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new opportunities for health
communication, including an increase in the public use of online outlets for
health-related emotions. People have turned to social media networks to share
sentiments related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper we
examine the role of social messaging shared by Persons in the Public Eye (i.e.
athletes, politicians, news personnel) in determining overall public discourse
direction. We harvested approximately 13 million tweets ranging from 1 January
2020 to 1 March 2022. The sentiment was calculated for each tweet using a
fine-tuned DistilRoBERTa model, which was used to compare COVID-19
vaccine-related Twitter posts (tweets) that co-occurred with mentions of People
in the Public Eye. Our findings suggest the presence of consistent patterns of
emotional content co-occurring with messaging shared by Persons in the Public
Eye for the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced public opinion
and largely stimulated online public discourse. We demonstrate that as the
pandemic progressed, public sentiment shared on social networks was shaped by
risk perceptions, political ideologies and health-protective behaviours shared
by Persons in the Public Eye, often in a negative light.Comment: 7 Pages, 4 Figure
A Small Peptide Increases Drug Delivery in Human Melanoma Cells
Melanoma is the most fatal type of skin cancer and is notoriously resistant to chemotherapies. The response of melanoma to current treatments is difficult to predict. To combat these challenges, in this study, we utilize a small peptide to increase drug delivery to melanoma cells. A peptide library array was designed and screened using a peptide array-whole cell binding assay, which identified KK-11 as a novel human melanoma-targeting peptide. The peptide and its D-amino acid substituted analogue (VPWxEPAYQrFL or D-aa KK-11) were synthesized via a solid-phase strategy. Further studies using FITC-labeled KK-11 demonstrated dose-dependent uptake in human melanoma cells. D-aa KK-11 significantly increased the stability of the peptide, with 45.3% remaining detectable after 24 h with human serum incubation. Co-treatment of KK-11 with doxorubicin was found to significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin compared to doxorubicin alone, or sequential KK-11 and doxorubicin treatment. In vivo and ex vivo imaging revealed that D-aa KK-11 distributed to xenografted A375 melanoma tumors as early as 5 min and persisted up to 24 h post tail vein injection. When co-administered, D-aa KK-11 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of a novel nNOS inhibitor (MAC-3-190) in an A375 human melanoma xenograft mouse model compared to MAC-3-190 treatment alone. No apparent systemic toxicities were observed. Taken together, these results suggest that KK-11 may be a promising human melanoma-targeted delivery vector for anti-melanoma cargo
Reports on the 2015 AAAI Workshop Program
Knowledge, Skill, and Behavior Transfer in Autonomous Robots: report on p. 9
Examining the Implementation of Digital Health to Strengthen the COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Recovery and Scale up Equitable Vaccine Access in African Countries
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the world, having taken the
lives of over 6 million individuals. Accordingly, this pandemic has caused a
shift in conversations surrounding the burden of diseases worldwide, welcoming
insights from multidisciplinary fields including digital health and artificial
intelligence. Africa faces a heavy disease burden that exacerbates the current
COVID-19 pandemic and limits the scope of public health preparedness, response,
containment, and case management. Herein, we examined the potential impact of
transformative digital health technologies in mitigating the global health
crisis with reference to African countries. Furthermore, we proposed
recommendations for scaling up digital health technologies and artificial
intelligence-based platforms to tackle the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 and
enable equitable vaccine access. Challenges related to the pandemic are
numerous. Rapid response and management strategies - that is, contract tracing,
case surveillance, diagnostic testing intensity, and most recently vaccine
distribution mapping - can overwhelm the health care delivery system that is
fragile. Although challenges are vast, digital health technologies can play an
essential role in achieving sustainable resilient recovery and building back
better. It is plausible that African nations are better equipped to rapidly
identify, diagnose, and manage infected individuals for COVID-19, other
diseases, future outbreaks, and pandemics.Comment: 8 Pages, 0 Figur
When Mommy Blogs are Semantically Tagged
Abstract. OWL 2-supported Semantic Tagging is a non compulsory yet decisive and highly influential component of a multidisciplinary knowledge architecture framework which synergetically combines the Semantic and the Social Webs. The facility consists of a semantic tagging layer based on OWL 2 axioms and expressions enticing social network users, typically mommy bloggers, to annotate their chaos of textual data with natural language verbalized versions of ontological elements. This paper provides a comprehensive short summary of the overall framework along with its backbone metamodel and its parenting analysis and surveillance ontology ParOnt, laying a particular emphasis on its semantic expression-based tagging feature, and accordingly highlighting the attained gains and improvements in terms of effective results, services and recommendations, all falling in the scope of public parenting orientation and awareness